See gronen in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "groan"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "grane"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "grain"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "grānian",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old English grānian",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "grānian"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old English grānian",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*grainōn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *grainōn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*grainōną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *grainōną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "which didn't leave any descendants in Middle English"
},
"expansion": "(which didn't leave any descendants in Middle English)",
"name": "gloss"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old English grānian, from Proto-West Germanic *grainōn, from Proto-Germanic *grainōną, a derivative of *grīnaną (which didn't leave any descendants in Middle English).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "gronen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to gronen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "grone",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "grone",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "groned",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gronede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gronest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gronedest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "groneth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "groned",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gronede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "grone",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "groned",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "gronede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "grone",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gronen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "grone",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "groneden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "groned",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gronede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "groneth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "grone",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gronynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "gronende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "groned",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ygroned",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "grane",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "gron",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "grone",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "groni",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "gronyn",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "groone",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "granien",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Early-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "granin",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Early-Middle-English"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "gronen",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gron"
},
"name": "enm-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "gron"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "gronynge"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "27 15 19 13 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 16 18 12 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "46 22 21 12 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Pregnancy",
"orig": "enm:Pregnancy",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "46 46 0 0 8",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Sound",
"orig": "enm:Sound",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To groan; to make a groaning or moaning sound:",
"To groan or cry due to birth pangs."
],
"id": "en-gronen-enm-verb-XuXwrQ8P",
"links": [
[
"groan",
"groan"
],
[
"groaning",
"groaning"
],
[
"moaning",
"moaning"
],
[
"groan",
"groan"
],
[
"birth pangs",
"birth pangs"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "27 15 19 13 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 35 13 12 21",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Animal sounds",
"orig": "enm:Animal sounds",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "46 46 0 0 8",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Sound",
"orig": "enm:Sound",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To groan; to make a groaning or moaning sound:",
"To groan as an animal; to make beastly calls."
],
"id": "en-gronen-enm-verb-Gmv-BX-s",
"links": [
[
"groan",
"groan"
],
[
"groaning",
"groaning"
],
[
"moaning",
"moaning"
],
[
"groan",
"groan"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "14 7 57 8 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 15 19 13 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To mumble, especially to protest (compare modern English moan in semantics)."
],
"id": "en-gronen-enm-verb-5KHWRU-P",
"links": [
[
"mumble",
"mumble"
],
[
"protest",
"protest"
],
[
"English",
"w:English language"
],
[
"moan",
"moan#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "27 15 19 13 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 0 100 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Disease",
"orig": "enm:Disease",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To develop or have an illness or disease."
],
"id": "en-gronen-enm-verb-oZY5fFUf",
"links": [
[
"develop",
"develop"
],
[
"illness",
"illness"
],
[
"disease",
"disease"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "27 15 19 13 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 1 5 0 94",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Death",
"orig": "enm:Death",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 17 17 16 29",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Talking",
"orig": "enm:Talking",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To pass away; to suffer from death."
],
"id": "en-gronen-enm-verb-Tg6XDjWn",
"links": [
[
"pass away",
"pass away"
],
[
"death",
"death"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) To pass away; to suffer from death."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡrɔ̝ːnən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡrɑːnən/",
"tags": [
"Early-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡraːn/",
"tags": [
"Northern"
]
}
],
"word": "gronen"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English verbs",
"Middle English weak verbs",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Animal sounds",
"enm:Death",
"enm:Disease",
"enm:Pregnancy",
"enm:Sound",
"enm:Talking"
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "groan"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "grane"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "grain"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "grānian",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old English grānian",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "grānian"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old English grānian",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*grainōn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *grainōn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*grainōną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *grainōną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "which didn't leave any descendants in Middle English"
},
"expansion": "(which didn't leave any descendants in Middle English)",
"name": "gloss"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old English grānian, from Proto-West Germanic *grainōn, from Proto-Germanic *grainōną, a derivative of *grīnaną (which didn't leave any descendants in Middle English).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "gronen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to gronen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "grone",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "grone",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "groned",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gronede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gronest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gronedest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "groneth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "groned",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gronede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "grone",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "groned",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "gronede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "grone",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gronen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "grone",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "groneden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "groned",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gronede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "groneth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "grone",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gronynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "gronende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "groned",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ygroned",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "grane",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "gron",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "grone",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "groni",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "gronyn",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "groone",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "granien",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Early-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "granin",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Early-Middle-English"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "gronen",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gron"
},
"name": "enm-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "gron"
},
{
"word": "gronynge"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"To groan; to make a groaning or moaning sound:",
"To groan or cry due to birth pangs."
],
"links": [
[
"groan",
"groan"
],
[
"groaning",
"groaning"
],
[
"moaning",
"moaning"
],
[
"groan",
"groan"
],
[
"birth pangs",
"birth pangs"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To groan; to make a groaning or moaning sound:",
"To groan as an animal; to make beastly calls."
],
"links": [
[
"groan",
"groan"
],
[
"groaning",
"groaning"
],
[
"moaning",
"moaning"
],
[
"groan",
"groan"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To mumble, especially to protest (compare modern English moan in semantics)."
],
"links": [
[
"mumble",
"mumble"
],
[
"protest",
"protest"
],
[
"English",
"w:English language"
],
[
"moan",
"moan#English"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To develop or have an illness or disease."
],
"links": [
[
"develop",
"develop"
],
[
"illness",
"illness"
],
[
"disease",
"disease"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"To pass away; to suffer from death."
],
"links": [
[
"pass away",
"pass away"
],
[
"death",
"death"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) To pass away; to suffer from death."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡrɔ̝ːnən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡrɑːnən/",
"tags": [
"Early-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡraːn/",
"tags": [
"Northern"
]
}
],
"word": "gronen"
}
Download raw JSONL data for gronen meaning in Middle English (6.2kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (ccec6f1 and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.